Indonesia

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Republic of Indonesia Republik Indonesia
Flag National emblem
Motto: "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (Old Javanese) "Unity in Diversity" National ideology: Pancasila[1][2]
Anthem: Indonesia Raya Great Indonesia
Capital and largest city		Jakarta 6°10.5′S 106°49.7′E
Official languages		Indonesian
Demonym		Indonesian
Government		Unitary presidential constitutional republic
-	President	Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
-	Vice President	Boediono
Legislature		People's Consultative Assembly
-	Upper house	Regional Representative Council
-	Lower house	People's Representative Council
Independence from the Netherlands
-	Declared	17 August 1945
-	Acknowledged	27 December 1949
Area
-	Land	1,904,569 km2 (15th) 735,358 sq mi
-	Water (%)	4.85
Population
-	2011 census	237,424,363[3] (4th)
-	Density	124.66/km2 (84th) 322.87/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2013 estimate
-	Total	$1.285 trillion[3] (15th)
-	Per capita	$5,182[3] (124th)
GDP (nominal)		2013 estimate
-	Total	$867.468 billion[3] (16th)
-	Per capita	$3,499[3] (115th)
Gini (2010)		35.6[4] medium
HDI (2012)		0.629[5] medium · 121st
Currency		Rupiah (Rp) (IDR)
Time zone		various (UTC+7 to +9)
Drives on the		left
Calling code		+62
ISO 3166 code		ID
Internet TLD		.id

Indonesia (ⁱ/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Indonesian pronunciation: [rɛpublik ɪndonesia]), is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands.^[6] It encompasses 33 provinces and 1 Special Administrative Region (for being governed by a pre-colonial monarchy) with over 238 million people, making it the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia's republic form of government comprises an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 16th largest by nominal GDP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought the now-dominant Islam, while European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups. The largest – and politically dominant – ethnic group are the Javanese. A shared identity has developed, defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity. The country has abundant natural resources, yet poverty remains widespread